<!DOCTYPE html>
<html dir="ltr" class="ve-not-available client-js" lang="en"><head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta charset="UTF-8"><title>DigiNotar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</title>
<meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.23wmf7">
<link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;action=edit">
<link rel="edit" title="Edit this page" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;action=edit">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="http://bits.wikimedia.org/apple-touch/wikipedia.png">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://bits.wikimedia.org/favicon/wikipedia.ico">
<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Wikipedia (en)">
<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd">
<link rel="copyright" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">
<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&amp;feed=atom">
<link rel="canonical" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigiNotar">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="DigiNotar%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia_pliki/load_002.css">
<style>
@media print{#centralNotice{display:none}}
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:ddb0c98a055632ae8e349c9cf48ac703 */
.tipsy{padding:5px;position:absolute;z-index:100000;cursor:default}.tipsy-inner{padding:5px 8px 4px 8px; background-color:#ffffff;border:solid 1px #a7d7f9;color:black;max-width:15em;border-radius:4px;-moz-border-radius:4px;-webkit-border-radius:4px; }.tipsy-arrow{position:absolute;background:url() no-repeat top left;background:url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/resources/jquery.tipsy/images/tipsy.png?2013-12-12T12:58:20Z) no-repeat top left!ie;width:11px;height:6px} .tipsy-n .tipsy-arrow{top:0px;left:50%;margin-left:-5px} .tipsy-nw .tipsy-arrow{top:1px;left:10px} .tipsy-ne .tipsy-arrow{top:1px;right:10px} .tipsy-s .tipsy-arrow{bottom:0px;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;background-position:bottom left} .tipsy-sw .tipsy-arrow{bottom:0px;left:10px;background-position:bottom left} .tipsy-se .tipsy-arrow{bottom:0px;right:10px;background-position:bottom left} .tipsy-e .tipsy-arrow{top:50%;margin-top:-5px;right:1px;width:5px;height:11px;background-position:top right} .tipsy-w .tipsy-arrow{top:50%;margin-top:-5px;left:0px;width:6px;height:11px}
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:4148c4298073c0aa29053bf1c42f4042 */
.mw-editsection{white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.25em; unicode-bidi:-moz-isolate;unicode-bidi:-webkit-isolate;unicode-bidi:isolate}.mw-editsection-divider{color:#555} .mw-content-ltr .mw-editsection-expanded .mw-editsection-bracket:first-of-type,.mw-content-rtl .mw-editsection-expanded .mw-editsection-bracket:not(:first-of-type){margin-left:-0.25em;margin-right:0.25em;color:#555} .mw-content-rtl .mw-editsection-expanded .mw-editsection-bracket:first-of-type,.mw-content-ltr .mw-editsection-expanded .mw-editsection-bracket:not(:first-of-type){margin-right:-0.25em;margin-left:0.25em;color:#555}.ve-tabmessage-appendix{font-size:0.7em;vertical-align:top;line-height:1.43em;padding-left:0.5em; background-image:none !important;display:inline !important}
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:090fd3347dcd0c5874946aed9d85e0b9 */
@-webkit-keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateY(0)}}@-moz-keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;-moz-transform:translateY(-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-moz-transform:translateY(0)}}@-o-keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;-o-transform:translateY(-20px)}100%{opacity:1;-o-transform:translateY(0)}}@keyframes centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(-20px)}100%{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}.centralAuthPPersonalAnimation{-webkit-animation-duration:1s;-moz-animation-duration:1s;-o-animation-duration:1s;animation-duration:1s;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:both;-moz-animation-fill-mode:both;-o-animation-fill-mode:both;animation-fill-mode:both;-webkit-animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation;-moz-animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation;-o-animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation;animation-name:centralAuthPPersonalAnimation}
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:0dcacc990dd02e7db9669ab3090b80f1 */
.uls-trigger{background:transparent url() no-repeat scroll left center;background:transparent url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/css/../../lib/jquery.uls/images/icon-language.png?2013-12-12T13:03:20Z) no-repeat scroll left center!ie;background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/css/../../lib/jquery.uls/images/icon-language.svg?2013-12-12T13:03:20Z);background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/css/../../lib/jquery.uls/images/icon-language.svg?2013-12-12T13:03:20Z);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/css/../../lib/jquery.uls/images/icon-language.svg?2013-12-12T13:03:20Z);padding-left:30px}#pt-uls a.uls-trigger{padding-left:30px}#p-lang .uls-settings-trigger{background:transparent url() no-repeat right top;background:transparent url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/css/../images/cog-sprite.png?2013-12-12T13:03:20Z) no-repeat right top!ie;background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/css/../images/cog-sprite.svg?2013-12-12T13:03:20Z);background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/css/../images/cog-sprite.svg?2013-12-12T13:03:20Z);background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/css/../images/cog-sprite.svg?2013-12-12T13:03:20Z);height:16px;width:14px;float:right;cursor:pointer}.skin-vector #p-lang .uls-settings-trigger{ margin-top:3px}#p-lang .uls-settings-trigger:hover{background-position:right -16px}   x:-o-prefocus,body.rtl li#pt-uls{ direction:ltr}#settings-block{border-top:1px solid #C9C9C9;background:#f8f8f8;background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,left bottom,from(#FBFBFB),to(#F0F0F0));background:-webkit-linear-gradient(top,#FBFBFB,#F0F0F0);background:-moz-linear-gradient(top,#FBFBFB,#F0F0F0);background:-o-linear-gradient(top,#FBFBFB,#F0F0F0);background:linear-gradient(#FBFBFB,#F0F0F0);padding-left:10px;line-height:1.2em;-webkit-border-radius:0 0 5px 5px;-moz-border-radius:0 0 5px 5px;border-radius:0 0 5px 5px}.uls-menu a{cursor:pointer}.uls-menu.callout .caret-before{border-top:20px solid transparent;border-right:20px solid #AAA;border-bottom:20px solid transparent;display:inline-block;left:-21px;top:30px;position:absolute}.uls-menu.callout .caret-after{border-top:20px solid transparent;border-right:20px solid #FCFCFC;border-bottom:20px solid transparent;display:inline-block;left:-20px;top:30px;position:absolute}#settings-block div.display-settings-block,#settings-block div.input-settings-block{display:inline-block;margin:8px 15px;color:#565656}#settings-block div.display-settings-block:hover,#settings-block div.input-settings-block:hover{color:#252525}.uls-ui-languages button{width:23%;text-overflow:ellipsis;margin-right:4%}button.uls-more-languages{width:auto}.settings-title{font-size:11pt}.settings-text{color:#555555;font-size:9pt}div.display-settings-block:hover .settings-text{color:#252525} .ime-perime-help{display:none}.ime-checked .ime-perime-help{display:inline-block;width:20px;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;right:0;opacity:0.75;padding:0;background:transparent url() left center no-repeat;background:transparent url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/css/../images/help.png?2013-12-12T13:03:20Z) left center no-repeat!ie;background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url();background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/css/../images/help.svg?2013-12-12T13:03:20Z)!ie;background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url();background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/resources/css/../images/help.svg?2013-12-12T13:03:20Z)!ie}.ime-checked .ime-perime-help:hover{opacity:1}
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:21d87954c3f0d30dbfcce1af2b4e6335 */
#p-lang li.interlanguage-link,.autonym{ font-family:'Autonym',sans-serif}
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:ddc946d0b392bcbc2c1fb86246818001 */
.wbc-editpage{list-style:none none;text-align:right;padding-right:.5em !important}.wbc-editpage > a{padding-left:11px;background:no-repeat left center}.wbc-editpage > a:link,.wbc-editpage > a:visited{background-image:url();background-image:url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/Wikibase/client/resources/images/WBC-Asset-Pencil.png?2013-12-12T13:05:00Z)!ie;color:#797979 !important}.wbc-editpage > a:hover{background-image:url();background-image:url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/Wikibase/client/resources/images/WBC-Asset-Pencil-Hover.png?2013-12-12T13:05:00Z)!ie;color:#0645AD !important}
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:ccac525b01c14dd3d4ff8ec9a2d851ec */</style><style>
.cite-accessibility-label{position:absolute !important; top:-99999px;clip:rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);padding:0 !important;border:0 !important;height:1px !important;width:1px !important;overflow:hidden}
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:6989008023386f50501783f5c5ff5345 */
.referencetooltip{position:absolute;list-style:none;list-style-image:none;opacity:0;font-size:10px;margin:0;z-index:5;padding:0}.referencetooltip li{border:#080086 2px solid;max-width:260px;padding:10px 8px 13px 8px;margin:0px;background-color:#F7F7F7;box-shadow:2px 4px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);-moz-box-shadow:2px 4px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);-webkit-box-shadow:2px 4px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.3)}.referencetooltip li+li{margin-left:7px;margin-top:-2px;border:0;padding:0;height:3px;width:0px;background-color:transparent;box-shadow:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;border-top:12px #080086 solid;border-right:7px transparent solid;border-left:7px transparent solid}.referencetooltip>li+li::after{content:'';border-top:8px #F7F7F7 solid;border-right:5px transparent solid;border-left:5px transparent solid;margin-top:-12px;margin-left:-5px;z-index:1;height:0px;width:0px;display:block}.client-js body .referencetooltip li li{border:none;box-shadow:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;height:auto;width:auto;margin:auto;padding:0;position:static}.RTflipped{padding-top:13px}.referencetooltip.RTflipped li+li{position:absolute;top:2px;border-top:0;border-bottom:12px #080086 solid}.referencetooltip.RTflipped li+li::after{border-top:0;border-bottom:8px #F7F7F7 solid;position:absolute;margin-top:7px}.RTsettings{float:right;height:16px;width:16px;cursor:pointer;background-image:url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Cog.png);margin-top:-9px;margin-right:-7px;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.15s;-moz-transition:opacity 0.15s;-o-transition:opacity 0.15s;-ms-transition:opacity 0.15s;transition:opacity 0.15s;opacity:0.6;filter:alpha(opacity=60)}.RTsettings:hover{opacity:1;filter:alpha(opacity=100)}.RTTarget{border:#080086 2px solid}
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:3c614aa75cecefe56b27b5e3c9197b7e */
div#editpage-specialchars{display:block;margin-top:.5em;border:1px solid #c0c0c0;padding:.3em}
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:29386c84f9c8f19dfb410df7e5be154b */
.wp-teahouse-question-form{position:absolute;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;background-color:#f4f3f0;border:1px solid #a7d7f9;padding:1em}#wp-th-question-ask{float:right}.wp-teahouse-ask a.external{background-image:none !important}.wp-teahouse-respond-form{position:absolute;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;background-color:#f4f3f0;border:1px solid #a7d7f9;padding:1em}.wp-th-respond{float:right}.wp-teahouse-respond a.external{background-image:none !important}
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:ba4e3603af357b5172e85672664d39a8 */
.mw-collapsible-toggle{float:right} caption .mw-collapsible-toggle{float:none} li .mw-collapsible-toggle{float:none} .mw-collapsible-toggle-li{list-style:none}
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:a69d6f9ef6a7fa7065c5da3b52c08eb2 */
.suggestions{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:0;border:none;z-index:1099;padding:0;margin:-1px -1px 0 0} html > body .suggestions{margin:-1px 0 0 0}.suggestions-special{position:relative;background-color:white;cursor:pointer;border:solid 1px #aaaaaa;padding:0;margin:0;margin-top:-2px;display:none;padding:0.25em 0.25em;line-height:1.25em}.suggestions-results{background-color:white;cursor:pointer;border:solid 1px #aaaaaa;padding:0;margin:0}.suggestions-result{color:black;margin:0;line-height:1.5em;padding:0.01em 0.25em;text-align:left}.suggestions-result-current{background-color:#4C59A6;color:white}.suggestions-special .special-label{color:gray;text-align:left}.suggestions-special .special-query{color:black;font-style:italic;text-align:left}.suggestions-special .special-hover{background-color:silver}.suggestions-result-current .special-label,.suggestions-result-current .special-query{color:white}.autoellipsis-matched,.highlight{font-weight:bold}
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:9780324491b653a3780e2d029bdc140c */
.postedit-container{margin:0 auto;position:fixed;top:0;height:0;left:50%;z-index:1000;font-size:13px}.postedit-container:hover{cursor:pointer}.postedit{position:relative;top:0.6em;left:-50%;padding:.6em 3.6em .6em 1.1em;line-height:1.5625em;color:#626465;background-color:#f4f4f4;border:1px solid #dcd9d9;text-shadow:0 0.0625em 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.5);border-radius:5px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 2px 5px 0 #ccc;box-shadow:0 2px 5px 0 #ccc;-webkit-transition:all 0.25s ease-in-out;-moz-transition:all 0.25s ease-in-out;-ms-transition:all 0.25s ease-in-out;-o-transition:all 0.25s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.25s ease-in-out}.skin-monobook .postedit{top:6em !important}.postedit-faded{opacity:0}.postedit-icon{padding-left:41px;  line-height:25px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:8px 50%}.postedit-icon-checkmark{background-image:url();background-image:url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/resources/mediawiki.action/images/green-checkmark.png?2013-12-12T12:58:20Z)!ie;background-position:left}.postedit-close{position:absolute;padding:0 .8em;right:0;top:0;font-size:1.25em;font-weight:bold;line-height:2.3em;color:black;text-shadow:0 0.0625em 0 white;text-decoration:none;opacity:0.2;filter:alpha(opacity=20)}.postedit-close:hover{color:black;text-decoration:none;opacity:0.4;filter:alpha(opacity=40)}
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:ee2f40b060a816b2f457766d3e12eeb9 */
#container{position:relative;min-height:100%}#container,video{width:100%;height:100%}#playerContainer{overflow:hidden;position:relative;height:100%;background:#000}#videoHolder{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.fullscreen #playerContainer{position:absolute !important;width:100% !important;height:100%! important;z-index:9999;min-height:100%;top:0;left:0;margin:0}.mwEmbedPlayer{width:100%;height:100%;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0;left:0}.modal_editor{ left:10px;top:10px;right:10px;bottom:10px;position:fixed;z-index:100}.displayHTML a:visited{color:white}.loadingSpinner{width:32px;height:32px;display:block;padding:0px;background-image:url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/MwEmbedSupport/MwEmbedModules/MwEmbedSupport/skins/common/images/loading_ani.gif?2013-12-12T13:01:40Z)}.mw-imported-resource{border:thin solid black}.kaltura-icon{background-image:url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/MwEmbedSupport/MwEmbedModules/MwEmbedSupport/skins/common/images/kaltura_logo_sm_transparent.png?2013-12-12T13:01:40Z) !important;background-repeat:no-repeat;display:block;height:12px;width:12px;margin-top:2px !important;margin-left:3px !important}.mw-fullscreen-overlay{background:rgb(0,0,0) none repeat scroll 0% 0%;position:fixed;top:0pt;left:0pt;width:100%;height:100%;-moz-background-clip:border;-moz-background-origin:padding;-moz-background-inline-policy:continuous} .play-btn-large{width:70px;height:53px;background :url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/MwEmbedSupport/MwEmbedModules/MwEmbedSupport/skins/common/images/player_big_play_button.png?2013-12-12T13:01:40Z);position :absolute;cursor :pointer;border :none !important;z-index :1}.play-btn-large:hover{background :url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/MwEmbedSupport/MwEmbedModules/MwEmbedSupport/skins/common/images/player_big_play_button_hover.png?2013-12-12T13:01:40Z)}.carouselContainer{position :absolute;width :100%;z-index :2}.carouselVideoTitle{position :absolute;top :0px;left :0px;width :100%;background :rgba(0,0,0,0.8);color :white;font-size :small;font-weight :bold;z-index :2}.carouselVideoTitleText{display :block;padding :10px 10px 10px 20px}.carouselTitleDuration{position :absolute;top :0px;right :0px;padding :2px;background-color :#5A5A5A;color :#D9D9D9;font-size :smaller;z-index :2}.carouselImgTitle{position :absolute;width :100%;text-align :center;color :white;font-size :small;background :rgba(0,0,0,0.4)}.carouselImgDuration{position :absolute;top :2px;left :2px;background :rgba( 0,0,0,0.7 );color :white;padding :1px 6px;font-size :small}.carouselPrevButton,.carouselNextButton{display :block;position :absolute;bottom:23px}.carouselPrevButton{left :5px}.carouselNextButton{right:6px}.alert-container{-webkit-border-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius:3px;border-radius:3px;background-image:linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(215,215,215) 4%,rgb(230,230,230) 55%,rgb(255,255,255) 100%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(215,215,215) 4%,rgb(230,230,230) 55%,rgb(255,255,255) 100%);background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(215,215,215) 4%,rgb(230,230,230) 55%,rgb(255,255,255) 100%);background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(215,215,215) 4%,rgb(230,230,230) 55%,rgb(255,255,255) 100%);background-image:-ms-linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(215,215,215) 4%,rgb(230,230,230) 55%,rgb(255,255,255) 100%);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,left bottom,left top,color-stop(0.04,rgb(215,215,215)),color-stop(0.55,rgb(230,230,230)),color-stop(1,rgb(255,255,255)));margin:auto;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;max-width:80%;max-height:30%}.alert-title{background-color :#E6E6E6;padding :5px;border-bottom :1px solid #D1D1D1;font-weight :normal !important;font-size:14px !important;-webkit-border-top-left-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius-topleft:3px;border-top-left-radius:3px;-webkit-border-top-right-radius:3px;-moz-border-radius-topright:3px;border-top-right-radius:3px }.alert-message{padding :5px;font-weight :normal !important;text-align:center;font-size:14px !important}.alert-buttons-container{text-align:center;padding-bottom:5px}.alert-button{background-color:#474747;color:white;-webkit-border-radius:.5em;-moz-border-radius:.5em;border-radius:.5em;padding:2px 10px;background-image:linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(25,25,25) 4%,rgb(47,47,47) 55%,rgb(71,71,71) 68%);background-image:-o-linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(25,25,25) 4%,rgb(47,47,47) 55%,rgb(71,71,71) 68%);background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(25,25,25) 4%,rgb(47,47,47) 55%,rgb(71,71,71) 68%);background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(25,25,25) 4%,rgb(47,47,47) 55%,rgb(71,71,71) 68%);background-image:-ms-linear-gradient(bottom,rgb(25,25,25) 4%,rgb(47,47,47) 55%,rgb(71,71,71) 68%);background-image:-webkit-gradient( linear,left bottom,left top,color-stop(0.04,rgb(25,25,25)),color-stop(0.55,rgb(47,47,47)),color-stop(0.68,rgb(71,71,71)) )}.alert-text{color :black !important}
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:d954d7543c11c2cfbc5ff88589065998 */
.PopUpMediaTransform a .play-btn-large{position :absolute;top:50%;left :50%;width:70px;height:53px;margin-left:-35px;margin-top:-25px;background-image:url();background-image:url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/TimedMediaHandler/resources/player_big_play_button.png?2013-12-12T13:03:20Z)!ie}.PopUpMediaTransform a .play-btn-large :hover{background-image:url();background-image:url(//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/extensions/TimedMediaHandler/resources/player_big_play_button_hover.png?2013-12-12T13:03:20Z)!ie}.PopUpMediaTransform{position :relative;display:inline-block}li.gallerybox div.thumb div.PopUpMediaTransform{margin:0 auto}
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:19b03d3f21bc1e95f5788199eefb0c66 */</style><style>
.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link,.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link:hover,.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link:active,.suggestions a.mw-searchSuggest-link:focus{text-decoration:none;color:black}.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link,.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link:hover,.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link:active,.suggestions-result-current a.mw-searchSuggest-link:focus{color:white}
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:52b1797f70c7e4094dfa4191101944e8 */</style><meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="DigiNotar%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia_pliki/load.css">
<style>a:lang(ar),a:lang(kk-arab),a:lang(mzn),a:lang(ps),a:lang(ur){text-decoration:none}
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:3904d24a08aa08f6a68dc338f9be277e */</style>

<script src="DigiNotar%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia_pliki/load_005.php"></script><script src="DigiNotar%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia_pliki/load_004.php"></script><style title="spinjs"></style>
<script>if(window.mw){
mw.config.set({"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"DigiNotar","wgTitle":"DigiNotar","wgCurRevisionId":587517205,"wgRevisionId":587517205,"wgArticleId":32915603,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Vague or ambiguous time from November 2013","Former certificate authorities","Companies established in 1997","Companies disestablished in 2011"],"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgMonthNamesShort":["","Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"wgRelevantPageName":"DigiNotar","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgWikiEditorEnabledModules":{"toolbar":true,"dialogs":true,"hidesig":true,"templateEditor":false,"templates":false,"preview":false,"previewDialog":false,"publish":false,"toc":false},"wgArticleFeedbackv5Permissions":{"aft-reader":true,"aft-member":false,"aft-editor":false,"aft-monitor":false,"aft-administrator":false,"aft-oversighter":false,"aft-noone":false},"wgBetaFeaturesFeatures":[],"wgVisualEditor":{"isPageWatched":false,"magnifyClipIconURL":"//bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.23wmf7/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png","pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr"},"wikilove-recipient":"","wikilove-anon":0,"wgGuidedTourHelpGuiderUrl":"Help:Guided tours/guider","wgULSAcceptLanguageList":["en-us"],"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1,"quality":2,"pristine":3}}},"wgStableRevisionId":null,"wgCategoryTreePageCategoryOptions":"{\"mode\":0,\"hideprefix\":20,\"showcount\":true,\"namespaces\":false}","Geo":{"city":"","country":""},"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","aftv5Article":{"id":32915603,"title":"DigiNotar","namespace":0,"categories":["All articles containing potentially dated statements","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013","Companies disestablished in 2011","Companies established in 1997","Former certificate authorities","Vague or ambiguous time from November 2013"],"permissionLevel":false},"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q603011"});
}</script><script>if(window.mw){
mw.loader.implement("user.options",function(){mw.user.options.set({"ccmeonemails":0,"cols":80,"date":"default","diffonly":0,"disablemail":0,"editfont":"default","editondblclick":0,"editsection":1,"editsectiononrightclick":0,"enotifminoredits":0,"enotifrevealaddr":0,"enotifusertalkpages":1,"enotifwatchlistpages":0,"extendwatchlist":0,"fancysig":0,"forceeditsummary":0,"gender":"unknown","hideminor":0,"hidepatrolled":0,"imagesize":2,"justify":0,"math":0,"minordefault":0,"newpageshidepatrolled":0,"noconvertlink":0,"norollbackdiff":0,"numberheadings":0,"previewonfirst":0,"previewontop":1,"rcdays":7,"rclimit":50,"rememberpassword":0,"rows":25,"searchlimit":20,"showhiddencats":false,"shownumberswatching":1,"showtoc":1,"showtoolbar":1,"skin":"vector","stubthreshold":0,"thumbsize":4,"underline":2,"uselivepreview":0,"usenewrc":0,"vector-simplesearch":1,"watchcreations":1,"watchdefault":0,"watchdeletion":0,"watchlistdays":3,"watchlisthideanons":0,"watchlisthidebots":0,"watchlisthideliu":0,
"watchlisthideminor":0,"watchlisthideown":0,"watchlisthidepatrolled":0,"watchmoves":0,"wllimit":250,"useeditwarning":1,"prefershttps":1,"flaggedrevssimpleui":1,"flaggedrevsstable":0,"flaggedrevseditdiffs":true,"flaggedrevsviewdiffs":false,"usebetatoolbar":1,"usebetatoolbar-cgd":1,"aftv5-last-filter":null,"visualeditor-enable":0,"visualeditor-enable-experimental":0,"visualeditor-enable-mwmath":0,"visualeditor-betatempdisable":0,"wikilove-enabled":1,"echo-subscriptions-web-page-review":true,"echo-subscriptions-email-page-review":false,"ep_showtoplink":false,"ep_bulkdelorgs":false,"ep_bulkdelcourses":true,"ep_showdyk":true,"echo-notify-show-link":true,"echo-show-alert":true,"echo-email-frequency":0,"echo-email-format":"html","echo-subscriptions-email-system":true,"echo-subscriptions-web-system":true,"echo-subscriptions-email-other":false,"echo-subscriptions-web-other":true,"echo-subscriptions-email-edit-user-talk":false,"echo-subscriptions-web-edit-user-talk":true,
"echo-subscriptions-email-reverted":false,"echo-subscriptions-web-reverted":true,"echo-subscriptions-email-article-linked":false,"echo-subscriptions-web-article-linked":false,"echo-subscriptions-email-mention":false,"echo-subscriptions-web-mention":true,"echo-subscriptions-web-edit-thank":true,"echo-subscriptions-email-edit-thank":false,"gettingstarted-task-toolbar-show-intro":true,"uls-preferences":"","language":"en","variant-gan":"gan","variant-iu":"iu","variant-kk":"kk","variant-ku":"ku","variant-shi":"shi","variant-sr":"sr","variant-tg":"tg","variant-uz":"uz","variant-zh":"zh","searchNs0":true,"searchNs1":false,"searchNs2":false,"searchNs3":false,"searchNs4":false,"searchNs5":false,"searchNs6":false,"searchNs7":false,"searchNs8":false,"searchNs9":false,"searchNs10":false,"searchNs11":false,"searchNs12":false,"searchNs13":false,"searchNs14":false,"searchNs15":false,"searchNs100":false,"searchNs101":false,"searchNs108":false,"searchNs109":false,"searchNs118":false,"searchNs119":false
,"searchNs446":false,"searchNs447":false,"searchNs710":false,"searchNs711":false,"searchNs828":false,"searchNs829":false,"gadget-teahouse":1,"gadget-ReferenceTooltips":1,"gadget-DRN-wizard":1,"gadget-charinsert":1,"gadget-mySandbox":1,"variant":"en"});},{},{});mw.loader.implement("user.tokens",function(){mw.user.tokens.set({"editToken":"+\\","patrolToken":false,"watchToken":false});},{},{});
/* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-js:7:087d2df5a674019c6b89dcf147ec9ae8 */
}</script>
<script>if(window.mw){
mw.loader.load(["mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.legacy.wikibits","mediawiki.legacy.ajax","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.visualEditor.viewPageTarget.init","ext.wikimediaShopLink.core","ext.uls.init","ext.uls.interface","wikibase.client.init","ext.centralNotice.bannerController","skins.vector.js"]);
}</script><script src="DigiNotar%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia_pliki/load_003.php"></script>
<script src="DigiNotar%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia_pliki/geoiplookup"></script><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="http://meta.wikimedia.org/"><!--[if lt IE 7]><style type="text/css">body{behavior:url("/w/static-1.23wmf7/skins/vector/csshover.min.htc")}</style><![endif]--><style>@font-face { font-family: 'Autonym';
	src: url('https://bits.wikimedia.org/static-current/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/data/fontrepo/fonts/Autonym/Autonym.eot?version=20131205');
	src: local('Autonym'),		url('https://bits.wikimedia.org/static-current/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/data/fontrepo/fonts/Autonym/Autonym.woff?version=20131205') format('woff'),		url('https://bits.wikimedia.org/static-current/extensions/UniversalLanguageSelector/data/fontrepo/fonts/Autonym/Autonym.ttf?version=20131205') format('truetype');
	font-style: normal;}
</style><script src="DigiNotar%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia_pliki/load.php" async=""></script></head>
<body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-DigiNotar skin-vector action-view vector-animateLayout">
		<div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div>
		<div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div>
		<div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main">
			<a id="top"></a>
			<div id="mw-js-message" style="display:none;"></div>
						<div id="siteNotice"><div id="centralNotice"></div><!-- CentralNotice --></div>
						<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en"><span dir="auto">DigiNotar</span></h1>
			<div id="bodyContent">
								<div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
								<div id="contentSub"></div>
												<div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump">
					Jump to:					<a href="#mw-navigation">navigation</a>, 					<a href="#p-search">search</a>
				</div>
				<div id="mw-content-text" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en"><table class="infobox vcard" style="border-spacing:3px;width:22em;" cellspacing="3">
<caption class="fn org">DigiNotar BV</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_business_entity" title="Types of business entity">Former type</a></th>
<td class="category">Subsidiary of a publicly traded company</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Industry</th>
<td class="category"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_security" title="Internet security">Internet security</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Fate</th>
<td>acquired by VASCO Data Security International in 2010; declared bankrupt in 2011</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Founded</th>
<td>1998<span style="display:none">&nbsp;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1998</span>)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Founder(s)</th>
<td class="agent">Dick Batenburg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Defunct</th>
<td>September&nbsp;20,&nbsp;2011<span style="display:none">&nbsp;(<span class="dtend">2011-09-20</span>)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Headquarters</th>
<td class="adr"><span class="locality"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverwijk" title="Beverwijk">Beverwijk</a></span>, <span class="country-name"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Products</th>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_certificate" title="Public key certificate">Public key certificates</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Services</th>
<td class="category"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_Authority" title="Certificate Authority" class="mw-redirect">Certificate Authority</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Owner(s)</th>
<td><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VASCO_Data_Security_International&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="VASCO Data Security International (page does not exist)">VASCO Data Security International</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Website</th>
<td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diginotar.nl/">www.diginotar.nl</a></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><b>DigiNotar</b> was a Dutch <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority" title="Certificate authority">certificate authority</a> owned by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VASCO_Data_Security_International&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="VASCO Data Security International (page does not exist)">VASCO Data Security International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vasco-acquisition_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vasco-acquisition-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> On September 3, 2011, after it had become clear that a security breach had resulted in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraudulent" title="Fraudulent" class="mw-redirect">fraudulent</a> issuing of certificates, the Dutch government took over operational management of DigiNotar's systems.<sup id="cite_ref-gc1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gc1-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> That same month, the company was declared bankrupt.<sup id="cite_ref-vasco-bankruptcy_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vasco-bankruptcy-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> While nobody has been charged with the break-in and compromise of the certficates (as of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;action=edit">[update]</a></sup>), cryptographer <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Schneier" title="Bruce Schneier">Bruce Schneier</a> says the attack may have been "either the work of the NSA, or exploited by the NSA."<sup id="cite_ref-schneier_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schneier-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> However, this has been disputed, with others saying the NSA had only detected a foreign <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_service" title="Intelligence service" class="mw-redirect">intelligence service</a> using the fake certificates.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p></p>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle">
<h2>Contents</h2>
<span class="toctoggle">&nbsp;[<a href="#" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]&nbsp;</span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Company"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Company</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Bankruptcy"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Bankruptcy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Refusal_to_publish_report"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Refusal to publish report</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Issuance_of_fraudulent_certificates"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Issuance of fraudulent certificates</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Steps_taken_by_the_Dutch_government"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Steps taken by the Dutch government</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<p></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Company">Company</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Company">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>DigiNotar's main activity was as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_Authority" title="Certificate Authority" class="mw-redirect">Certificate Authority</a>,
 issuing two types of certificate. Firstly, they issued certificates 
under their own name (where the root CA was "DigiNotar Root CA").<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrust" title="Entrust">Entrust</a> certificates were not issued since July 2010, but some were still valid up to July 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Secondly, they issued certificates for the Dutch government's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKIoverheid" title="PKIoverheid">PKIoverheid</a>
 ("PKIgovernment") program. This issuance was via two intermediate 
certificates, each of which chained up to one of the two "Staat der 
Nederlanden" root CAs. National and local Dutch authorities and 
organisations offering services for the government who want to use 
certificates for secure internet communication can request such a 
certificate. Some of the most-used electronic services offered by Dutch 
governments used certificates from DigiNotar. Examples were the 
authentication infrastructure <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigiD" title="DigiD">DigiD</a> and the central car-registration organisation Rijksdienst voor het Wegverkeer.</p>
<p>The "DigiNotar Root CA" root was included in the trusted root lists of common internet client software but has now<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (November 2013)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup>
 been removed; the "Staat der Nederlanden" roots were initially kept 
because they were not believed to be compromised. However, they have 
since been revoked.</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>DigiNotar was originally set up in 1998 by the Dutch <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_law_notary" title="Civil law notary">notary</a> Dick Batenburg from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverwijk" title="Beverwijk">Beverwijk</a> and the Koninklijke Notariële Beroepsorganisatie, the national body for Dutch <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_law_notary" title="Civil law notary">civil law notaries</a>.
 The KNB offers all kind of central services to the notaries, and 
because many of the services that notaries offer are official legal 
procedures, security in communications is important. The KNB offered 
advisory services to their members on how to implement electronic 
services in their business; one of these activities was offering secure 
certificates.</p>
<p>Dick Batenburg and the KNB formed the group TTP Notarissen (TTP Notaries), where TTP stands for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusted_Third_Party" title="Trusted Third Party" class="mw-redirect">Trusted Third Party</a>.
 A notary can become member of TTP-Notarissen if they comply with 
certain rules. If they comply with additional rules on training and work
 procedures, they can become an accredited TTP Notary.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>Although DigiNotar has been a general-purpose CA for several years, 
they still targeted the market for notaries and other professionals.</p>
<p>On January 10, 2011, the company was sold to VASCO Data Security International, Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-vasco-acquisition_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vasco-acquisition-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> In a VASCO press release dated June 20, 2011, one day after DigiNotar first detected an incident on their systems<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> VASCO's president and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_operating_officer" title="Chief operating officer">COO</a> Jan Valcke is quoted as stating "We believe that DigiNotar's certificates are among the most reliable in the field."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Bankruptcy">Bankruptcy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Bankruptcy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>On September 20, 2011, Vasco announced that its subsidiary DigiNotar was declared bankrupt after filing for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_bankruptcy" title="Voluntary bankruptcy" class="mw-redirect">voluntary bankruptcy</a> at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haarlem" title="Haarlem">Haarlem</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court" title="Court">court</a>. Effective immediately the court appointed a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receivership" title="Receivership">receiver</a>,
 a court-appointed trustee who takes over the management of all of 
DigiNotar’s affairs as it proceeds through the bankruptcy process to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquidation" title="Liquidation">liquidation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vasco-bankruptcy_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vasco-bankruptcy-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Refusal_to_publish_report">Refusal to publish report</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Refusal to publish report">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The "curator" (Dutch word for the court-appointed receiver) doesn't want to have a report from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ITSec&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ITSec (page does not exist)">ITSec</a>
 on the company, the way they operated and details of the hack of 2011 
that lead to the bankruptcy of DigiNotar,to be published as he is afraid
 that publication of it might lead to additional claims towards 
DigiNotar. The report was made on request of the Dutch supervisory 
agency <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onafhankelijke_Post_en_Telecommunicatie_Autoriteit" title="Onafhankelijke Post en Telecommunicatie Autoriteit">OPTA</a> who refused to publish the report in the first place. In a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_information_legislation" title="Freedom of information legislation" class="mw-redirect">Freedom of information legislation</a>
 (WOB) procedure started by a journalist the receiver tried to convince 
the courts not to allow publication of this report and confirm the 
OPTA's initial refusal to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Issuance_of_fraudulent_certificates">Issuance of fraudulent certificates</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Issuance of fraudulent certificates">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>On July 10, 2011, an attacker with access to DigiNotar's systems issued a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildcard_SSL_certificate" title="Wildcard SSL certificate" class="mw-redirect">wildcard</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_%28cryptography%29" title="Certificate (cryptography)" class="mw-redirect">certificate</a> for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>. This certificate was subsequently used by unknown persons in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> to conduct a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack" title="Man-in-the-middle attack">man-in-the-middle attack</a> against Google services.<sup id="cite_ref-googleonlinesecurity_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-googleonlinesecurity-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> On August 28, 2011, certificate problems were observed on multiple <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_service_providers" title="Internet service providers" class="mw-redirect">Internet service providers</a> in Iran.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> The fraudulent certificate was posted on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastebin" title="Pastebin">pastebin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup>
 According to a subsequent news release by VASCO, DigiNotar had detected
 an intrusion into its certificate authority infrastructure on July 19, 
2011.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> DigiNotar did not publicly reveal the security breach at the time.</p>
<p>After this certificate was found, DigiNotar belatedly admitted dozens
 of fraudulent certificates had been created, including certificates for
 the domains of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo%21" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tor_Project" title="The Tor Project" class="mw-redirect">The Tor Project</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> DigiNotar could not guarantee all such certificates had been <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_revocation" title="Certificate revocation" class="mw-redirect">revoked</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-webwereld107764_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webwereld107764-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> Google <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blacklist" title="Blacklist" class="mw-redirect">blacklisted</a> 247 certificates in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium_%28web_browser%29" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> but the final known total of misissued certificates is at least 531.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> Investigation by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-Secure" title="F-Secure">F-Secure</a> also revealed that DigiNotar's website had been defaced by Turkish and Iranian hackers in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>In reaction, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>
 removed the DigiNotar root certificate from its list of trusted 
certificates with its browsers on all supported releases of Microsoft 
Windows<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> and Mozilla revoked trust in the DigiNotar root certificate in all supported versions of its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefox" title="Firefox">Firefox</a> browser.<sup id="cite_ref-mozillablog20110829_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mozillablog20110829-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium_%28web_browser%29" title="Chromium (web browser)">Chromium</a> / <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Chrome" title="Google Chrome">Google Chrome</a> was able to detect the fraudulent <tt>*.google.com</tt> certificate, due to its "certificate pinning" security feature;<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup>
 however, this protection was limited to Google domains, which resulted 
in Google removing DigiNotar from its list of trusted certificate 
issuers.<sup id="cite_ref-googleonlinesecurity_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-googleonlinesecurity-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_%28browser%29" title="Opera (browser)" class="mw-redirect">Opera</a>
 always checks the certificate revocation list of the certificate's 
issuer and so they initially stated they did not need a security update.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup> However, later they also removed the root from their trust store.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup> On September 9, 2011, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> issued Security Update 2011-005 for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_X" title="Mac OS X" class="mw-redirect">Mac OS X</a> 10.6.8 and 10.7.1, which removes DigiNotar from the list of trusted root certificates and EV certificate authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> Without this update, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safari_%28web_browser%29" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a> and Mac OS X do not detect the certificate's revocation, and users must use the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keychain_%28Mac_OS%29" title="Keychain (Mac OS)" class="mw-redirect">Keychain</a> utility to manually delete the certificate.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<p>DigiNotar also controlled an intermediate certificate which was used for issuing certificates as part of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_government" title="Dutch government" class="mw-redirect">Dutch government</a>’s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_key_infrastructure" title="Public key infrastructure" class="mw-redirect">public key infrastructure</a> "PKIoverheid" program, chaining up to the official Dutch government certification authority ("Staat der Nederlanden").<sup id="cite_ref-mozillablog20110902_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mozillablog20110902-32"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup> Once this intermediate certificate was revoked or marked as untrusted by browsers, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_of_trust" title="Chain of trust">chain of trust</a> for their certificates was broken, and it was difficult to access services such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_management" title="Identity management">identity management</a> platform <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigiD" title="DigiD">DigiD</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_and_Customs_Administration" title="Tax and Customs Administration">Tax and Customs Administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GovCert" title="GovCert" class="mw-redirect">GovCert</a>, the Dutch <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_emergency_response_team" title="Computer emergency response team">computer emergency response team</a>, initially did not believe the PKIoverheid certificates had been compromised,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup> although security specialists were uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-webwereld107764_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webwereld107764-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup>
 Because these certificates were initially thought not to be compromised
 by the security breach, they were, at the request of the Dutch 
authorities, kept exempt from the removal of trust<sup id="cite_ref-mozillablog20110902_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mozillablog20110902-32"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup>
 – although one of the two, the active "Staat der Nederlanden - G2" root
 certificate, was overlooked by the Mozilla engineers and accidentally 
distrusted in the Firefox build.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup>
 However, this assessment was rescinded after an audit by the Dutch 
government, and the DigiNotar-controlled intermediates in the "Staat der
 Nederlanden" hierarchy were also blacklisted by Mozilla in the next 
security update, and also by other browser manufacturers.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup> The Dutch government announced on September 3, 2011, that they will switch to a different firm as certificate authority.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Steps_taken_by_the_Dutch_government">Steps taken by the Dutch government</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Steps taken by the Dutch government">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>After the initial claim that the certificates under the DigiNotar-controlled intermediate certificate in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKIoverheid" title="PKIoverheid">PKIoverheid</a> hierarchy weren't affected, further investigation by an external party, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox-IT" title="Fox-IT">Fox-IT</a>
 consultancy, showed evidence of hacker activity on those machines as 
well. Consequently the Dutch government decided on September 3, 2011, to
 withdraw their earlier statement that nothing was wrong.<sup id="cite_ref-nws3sep_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nws3sep-40"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup>
 DigiNotar was only one of the available CAs in PKIoverheid, so not all 
certificates used by the Dutch government under their root were 
affected. When the Dutch government decided that they had lost their 
trust in DigiNotar, they took back control over the company's 
intermediate certificate in order to manage an orderly transition, and 
they replaced the untrusted certificates with new ones from one of the 
other providers.<sup id="cite_ref-nws3sep_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nws3sep-40"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup> The much-used DigiD platform now<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (November 2013)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> uses a certificate issued by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getronics" title="Getronics">Getronics</a> PinkRoccade Nederland B.V.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup> According to the Dutch government, DigiNotar gave them its full co-operation with these procedures.</p>
<p>After the removal of trust in DigiNotar, there are now four <i>Certification Service Providers</i> (CSP) that can issue certificates under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKIoverheid" title="PKIoverheid">PKIoverheid</a> hierarchy:<sup id="cite_ref-GovCAs_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GovCAs-42"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<dl>
<dd>
<ul>
<li>Digidentity <sup id="cite_ref-digidentity_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digidentity-43"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>ESG or de Electronische Signatuur<sup id="cite_ref-esg_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esg-44"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuoVadis" title="QuoVadis">QuoVadis</a><sup id="cite_ref-quo_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quo-45"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>KPN Certificatiedienstverlening</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>All four companies have opened special help desks and/or published 
information on their websites as to how organisations that have a 
PKIOverheid certificate from DigiNotar can request a new certificate 
from one of the remaining three providers.<sup id="cite_ref-esg_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esg-44"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-quo_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quo-45"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comodo_Group#2010_Affiliate_Registration_Security_Breach" title="Comodo Group">Comodo Group: Iran SSL certificate controversy</a></li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-vasco-acquisition-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vasco-acquisition_1-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vasco-acquisition_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation pressrelease"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vasco.com/company/press_room/news_archive/2011/acquisition_diginotar.aspx">"VASCO
 Data Security International, Inc. announces the acquisition of 
DigiNotar B.V., a market leader in Internet trust services in the 
Netherlands"</a> (Press release). <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VASCO_Data_Security_International&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="VASCO Data Security International (page does not exist)">VASCO</a>. January 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved August 31, 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.btitle=VASCO+Data+Security+International%2C+Inc.+announces+the+acquisition+of+DigiNotar+B.V.%2C+a+market+leader+in+Internet+trust+services+in+the+Netherlands&amp;rft.date=January+10%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vasco.com%2Fcompany%2Fpress_room%2Fnews_archive%2F2011%2Facquisition_diginotar.aspx&amp;rft.pub=VASCO&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-gc1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gc1_2-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Website Govcert <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.govcert.nl/dienstverlening/Kennis+en+publicaties/factsheets/factsheet-frauduleus-uitgegeven-beveiligingscertificaat-ontdekt.html">Factsheet discovery fraudulent certificates</a>, visited September 6, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-vasco-bankruptcy-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vasco-bankruptcy_3-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vasco-bankruptcy_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation pressrelease"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vasco.com/company/press_room/news_archive/2011/news_vasco_announces_bankruptcy_filing_by_diginotar_bv.aspx">"VASCO Announces Bankruptcy Filing by DigiNotar B.V."</a> (Press release). <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VASCO_Data_Security_International&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="VASCO Data Security International (page does not exist)">VASCO</a>. September 20, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved September 20, 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.btitle=VASCO+Announces+Bankruptcy+Filing+by+DigiNotar+B.V.&amp;rft.date=September+20%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vasco.com%2Fcompany%2Fpress_room%2Fnews_archive%2F2011%2Fnews_vasco_announces_bankruptcy_filing_by_diginotar_bv.aspx&amp;rft.pub=VASCO&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-schneier-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-schneier_4-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2013/09/new_nsa_leak_sh.html">"New NSA Leak Shows Man-In-The-Middle Attacks Against Major Internet Services"</a>. September 13, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved September 14,2013</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.btitle=New+NSA+Leak+Shows+Man-In-The-Middle+Attacks+Against+Major+Internet+Services&amp;rft.date=September+13%2C+2013&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.schneier.com%2Fblog%2Farchives%2F2013%2F09%2Fnew_nsa_leak_sh.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Rouwhorst, Koen (September 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://koen.io/2013/09/no-the-nsa-was-not-behind-the-diginotar-hack/">"No, the NSA was not behind the DigiNotar hack"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2013-11-19</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.aulast=Rouwhorst%2C+Koen&amp;rft.au=Rouwhorst%2C+Koen&amp;rft.btitle=No%2C+the+NSA+was+not+behind+the+DigiNotar+hack&amp;rft.date=September+14%2C+2013&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkoen.io%2F2013%2F09%2Fno-the-nsa-was-not-behind-the-diginotar-hack%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diginotar.nl/Klantenservice/Rootcertificaten/tabid/308/Default.aspx">"Overzicht actuele rootcertificaten" [Survey of current root certificates]</a> (in Dutch). DigiNotar<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved September 12, 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.btitle=Overzicht+actuele+rootcertificaten&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diginotar.nl%2FKlantenservice%2FRootcertificaten%2Ftabid%2F308%2FDefault.aspx&amp;rft.pub=DigiNotar&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ssl.entrust.net/blog/?p=946">"Entrust in relation with Diginotar"</a>. Ssl.entrust.net. 2011-09-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2012-02-01</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.btitle=Entrust+in+relation+with+Diginotar&amp;rft.date=2011-09-14&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fssl.entrust.net%2Fblog%2F%3Fp%3D946&amp;rft.pub=Ssl.entrust.net&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wildcard-Diginotar-under-Entrust.jpg" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Wildcard-Diginotar-under-Entrust.jpg">A print screen of a Diginotar certificate under the Entrust chain</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Website Diginotar on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diginotar.nl/OverDigiNotar/TTPnotarissen/tabid/318/Default.aspx">TTP Notarissen</a>.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/bestanden/documenten-en-publicaties/rapporten/2011/09/05/diginotar-public-report-version-1/rapport-fox-it-operation-black-tulip-v1-0.pdf">FOX-IT Interim Report, v1.0</a> (but before any certificates were misissued), Timeline, page 13 visited September 5, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketwatch.com/story/vasco-tackles-global-ssl-certificate-market-2011-06-20?reflink=MW_news_stmp">"VASCO Tackles Global SSL-Certificate Market"</a>. MarketWatch. June 20, 2011.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.btitle=VASCO+Tackles+Global+SSL-Certificate+Market&amp;rft.date=June+20%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketwatch.com%2Fstory%2Fvasco-tackles-global-ssl-certificate-market-2011-06-20%3Freflink%3DMW_news_stmp&amp;rft.pub=MarketWatch&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pressrelease Court of Haarlem on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rechtspraak.nl/Organisatie/Rechtbanken/Haarlem/Nieuws/Pages/FaillissementDiginotarBV.aspx">DigiNotar</a>, 20 September 2011. Visited 27 September 2011</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Newssite nu.nl: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nu.nl/diginotar/2842083/curator-diginotar-vreest-meer-claims.html">Receiver afraid of more claims</a> (Dutch), 22 June 2012. Visited: 25 June 2012</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-googleonlinesecurity-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-googleonlinesecurity_14-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-googleonlinesecurity_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Heather Adkins (August 29, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://googleonlinesecurity.blogspot.com/2011/08/update-on-attempted-man-in-middle.html">"An update on attempted man-in-the-middle attacks"</a>. Google<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved August 30, 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.au=Heather+Adkins&amp;rft.aulast=Heather+Adkins&amp;rft.btitle=An+update+on+attempted+man-in-the-middle+attacks&amp;rft.date=August+29%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoogleonlinesecurity.blogspot.com%2F2011%2F08%2Fupdate-on-attempted-man-in-middle.html&amp;rft.pub=Google&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elinor Mills. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-27080_3-20098894-245/fraudulent-google-certificate-points-to-internet-attack/">"Fraudulent Google certificate points to Internet attack".</a> <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a></i>, 8/29/2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Charles Arthur (August 30, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/aug/30/faked-web-certificate-iran-dissidents">"Faked web certificate could have been used to attack Iran dissidents"</a>. <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved August 30, 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.atitle=Faked+web+certificate+could+have+been+used+to+attack+Iran+dissidents&amp;rft.au=Charles+Arthur&amp;rft.aulast=Charles+Arthur&amp;rft.date=August+30%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Ftechnology%2F2011%2Faug%2F30%2Ffaked-web-certificate-iran-dissidents&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://h-online.com/-1333088">"Fraudulent certificate triggers blocking from software companies"</a>. Heise Media UK Ltd. August 30, 2011.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.btitle=Fraudulent+certificate+triggers+blocking+from+software+companies&amp;rft.date=August+30%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fh-online.com%2F-1333088&amp;rft.pub=Heise+Media+UK+Ltd.&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vasco.com/company/press_room/news_archive/2011/news_diginotar_reports_security_incident.aspx">"DigiNotar reports security incident"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VASCO_Data_Security_International&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="VASCO Data Security International (page does not exist)">VASCO</a>. August 30, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved September 1, 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.btitle=DigiNotar+reports+security+incident&amp;rft.date=August+30%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vasco.com%2Fcompany%2Fpress_room%2Fnews_archive%2F2011%2Fnews_diginotar_reports_security_incident.aspx&amp;rft.pub=VASCO&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nu.nl/internet/2603449/mogelijk-nepsoftware-verspreid-naast-aftappen-gmail.html">"Mogelijk nepsoftware verspreid naast aftappen Gmail"</a>. Sanoma Media Netherlands groep. August 31, 2011.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.btitle=Mogelijk+nepsoftware+verspreid+naast+aftappen+Gmail&amp;rft.date=August+31%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nu.nl%2Finternet%2F2603449%2Fmogelijk-nepsoftware-verspreid-naast-aftappen-gmail.html&amp;rft.pub=Sanoma+Media+Netherlands+groep&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-webwereld107764-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-webwereld107764_20-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webwereld107764_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webwereld.nl/nieuws/107764/diginotar--mogelijk-nog-valse-certificaten-in-omloop.html">"DigiNotar: mogelijk nog valse certificaten in omloop"</a>. IDG Nederland. August 31, 2011.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.btitle=DigiNotar%3A+mogelijk+nog+valse+certificaten+in+omloop&amp;rft.date=August+31%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebwereld.nl%2Fnieuws%2F107764%2Fdiginotar--mogelijk-nog-valse-certificaten-in-omloop.html&amp;rft.pub=IDG+Nederland&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Keizer, Gregg (August 31, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9219663/Hackers_may_have_stolen_over_200_SSL_certificates">"Hackers may have stolen over 200 SSL certificates"</a>. F-Secure.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.aufirst=Gregg&amp;rft.au=Keizer%2C+Gregg&amp;rft.aulast=Keizer&amp;rft.btitle=Hackers+may+have+stolen+over+200+SSL+certificates&amp;rft.date=August+31%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerworld.com%2Fs%2Farticle%2F9219663%2FHackers_may_have_stolen_over_200_SSL_certificates&amp;rft.pub=F-Secure&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Markham, Gervase (September 4, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.gerv.net/2011/09/updated-diginotar-cn-list/">"Updated DigiNotar CN List"</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.aufirst=Gervase&amp;rft.aulast=Markham&amp;rft.au=Markham%2C+Gervase&amp;rft.btitle=Updated+DigiNotar+CN+List&amp;rft.date=September+4%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.gerv.net%2F2011%2F09%2Fupdated-diginotar-cn-list%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Hypponen, Mikko (August 30, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.f-secure.com/weblog/archives/00002228.html">"DigiNotar Hacked by Black.Spook and Iranian Hackers"</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.aufirst=Mikko&amp;rft.au=Hypponen%2C+Mikko&amp;rft.aulast=Hypponen&amp;rft.btitle=DigiNotar+Hacked+by+Black.Spook+and+Iranian+Hackers&amp;rft.date=August+30%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.f-secure.com%2Fweblog%2Farchives%2F00002228.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/advisory/2607712.mspx">"Fraudulent Digital Certificates Could Allow Spoofing"</a>. <i>Microsoft Security Advisory</i> (2607712). Microsoft. August 29, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved August 30, 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.atitle=Fraudulent+Digital+Certificates+Could+Allow+Spoofing&amp;rft.date=August+29%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Ftechnet%2Fsecurity%2Fadvisory%2F2607712.mspx&amp;rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Security+Advisory+%27%27%282607712%29%27%27&amp;rft.pub=Microsoft&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-mozillablog20110829-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mozillablog20110829_25-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Johnathan Nightingale (August 29, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.mozilla.com/security/2011/08/29/fraudulent-google-com-certificate/">"Fraudulent *.google.com Certificate"</a>. <i>Mozilla Security Blog</i>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved August 30, 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.atitle=Fraudulent+%2A.google.com+Certificate&amp;rft.au=Johnathan+Nightingale&amp;rft.aulast=Johnathan+Nightingale&amp;rft.date=August+29%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.mozilla.com%2Fsecurity%2F2011%2F08%2F29%2Ffraudulent-google-com-certificate%2F&amp;rft.jtitle=Mozilla+Security+Blog&amp;rft.pub=Mozilla&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meegoexperts.com/2011/09/diginotar-security-breach-means-qt-users/">"What The DigiNotar Security Breach Means For Qt Users"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeeGo" title="MeeGo">MeeGo</a> Experts. September 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved September 13, 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.btitle=What+The+DigiNotar+Security+Breach+Means+For+Qt+Users&amp;rft.date=September+10%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meegoexperts.com%2F2011%2F09%2Fdiginotar-security-breach-means-qt-users%2F&amp;rft.pub=MeeGo+Experts&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://my.opera.com/desktopteam/blog/2011/08/30/opera-11-51-released">"Opera 11.51 released"</a>. Opera Software. August 30, 2011.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.btitle=Opera+11.51+released&amp;rft.date=August+30%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmy.opera.com%2Fdesktopteam%2Fblog%2F2011%2F08%2F30%2Fopera-11-51-released&amp;rft.pub=Opera+Software&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Vik, Sigbjørn (August 30, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://my.opera.com/securitygroup/blog/2011/08/30/when-certificate-authorities-are-hacked-2">"When Certificate Authorities are Hacked"</a>. Opera Software.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.aufirst=Sigbj%C3%B8rn&amp;rft.aulast=Vik&amp;rft.au=Vik%2C+Sigbj%C3%B8rn&amp;rft.btitle=When+Certificate+Authorities+are+Hacked&amp;rft.date=August+30%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmy.opera.com%2Fsecuritygroup%2Fblog%2F2011%2F08%2F30%2Fwhen-certificate-authorities-are-hacked-2&amp;rft.pub=Opera+Software&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://my.opera.com/rootstore/blog/2011/09/08/diginotar-second-step-blacklisting-the-root">"DigiNotar Second Step: Blacklisting the Root"</a>. Opera Software. September 8, 2011.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.btitle=DigiNotar+Second+Step%3A+Blacklisting+the+Root&amp;rft.date=September+8%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmy.opera.com%2Frootstore%2Fblog%2F2011%2F09%2F08%2Fdiginotar-second-step-blacklisting-the-root&amp;rft.pub=Opera+Software&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4920">"About Security Update 2011-005"</a>. Apple. September 9, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved September 9, 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.btitle=About+Security+Update+2011-005&amp;rft.date=September+9%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsupport.apple.com%2Fkb%2FHT4920&amp;rft.pub=Apple&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arstechnica.com/apple/news/2011/09/safari-users-still-susceptible-to-attacks-using-fake-diginotar-certs.ars">"Safari users still susceptible to attacks using fake DigiNotar certs"</a>. Ars Technica. September 1, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved September 1, 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.btitle=Safari+users+still+susceptible+to+attacks+using+fake+DigiNotar+certs&amp;rft.date=September+1%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fapple%2Fnews%2F2011%2F09%2Fsafari-users-still-susceptible-to-attacks-using-fake-diginotar-certs.ars&amp;rft.pub=Ars+Technica&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-mozillablog20110902-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mozillablog20110902_32-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mozillablog20110902_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Johnathan Nightingale (September 2, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.mozilla.com/security/2011/09/02/diginotar-removal-follow-up/">"DigiNotar Removal Follow Up"</a>. <i>Mozilla Security Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved September 4, 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.atitle=DigiNotar+Removal+Follow+Up&amp;rft.au=Johnathan+Nightingale&amp;rft.aulast=Johnathan+Nightingale&amp;rft.date=September+2%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.mozilla.com%2Fsecurity%2F2011%2F09%2F02%2Fdiginotar-removal-follow-up%2F&amp;rft.jtitle=Mozilla+Security+Blog&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Schellevis, Joost (August 30, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tweakers.net/nieuws/76461/firefox-vertrouwt-certificaat-digid-niet-meer.html">"Firefox vertrouwt certificaat DigiD niet meer"</a>. <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweakers.net" title="Tweakers.net">Tweakers.net</a></i> (in Dutch).</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.atitle=Firefox+vertrouwt+certificaat+DigiD+niet+meer&amp;rft.aufirst=Joost&amp;rft.aulast=Schellevis&amp;rft.au=Schellevis%2C+Joost&amp;rft.date=August+30%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftweakers.net%2Fnieuws%2F76461%2Ffirefox-vertrouwt-certificaat-digid-niet-meer.html&amp;rft.jtitle=Tweakers.net&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.govcert.nl/actueel/Nieuws/frauduleus-uitgegeven-beveiligingscertificaat.html">"Frauduleus uitgegeven beveiligingscertificaat"</a>. August 30, 2011.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.btitle=Frauduleus+uitgegeven+beveiligingscertificaat&amp;rft.date=August+30%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.govcert.nl%2Factueel%2FNieuws%2Ffrauduleus-uitgegeven-beveiligingscertificaat.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Schellevis, Joost (August 31, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tweakers.net/nieuws/76484/overheid-vertrouwt-blunderende-ssl-autoriteit.html">"Overheid vertrouwt blunderende ssl-autoriteit"</a>. <i>Tweakers.net</i> (in Dutch).</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.atitle=Overheid+vertrouwt+blunderende+ssl-autoriteit&amp;rft.aufirst=Joost&amp;rft.aulast=Schellevis&amp;rft.au=Schellevis%2C+Joost&amp;rft.date=August+31%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftweakers.net%2Fnieuws%2F76484%2Foverheid-vertrouwt-blunderende-ssl-autoriteit.html&amp;rft.jtitle=Tweakers.net&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news">Schellevis, Joost (August 31, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tweakers.net/nieuws/76475/firefox-vertrouwt-digid-toch-na-verzoek-nederlandse-overheid.html">"Firefox vertrouwt DigiD toch na verzoek Nederlandse overheid"</a>. <i>Tweakers.net</i> (in Dutch).</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.atitle=Firefox+vertrouwt+DigiD+toch+na+verzoek+Nederlandse+overheid&amp;rft.aufirst=Joost&amp;rft.aulast=Schellevis&amp;rft.au=Schellevis%2C+Joost&amp;rft.date=August+31%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftweakers.net%2Fnieuws%2F76475%2Ffirefox-vertrouwt-digid-toch-na-verzoek-nederlandse-overheid.html&amp;rft.jtitle=Tweakers.net&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=683449">"Bugzilla@Mozilla – Bug 683449 - Remove the exemptions for the Staat der Nederlanden root"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved September 5, 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.btitle=Bugzilla%40Mozilla+%E2%80%93+Bug+683449+-+Remove+the+exemptions+for+the+Staat+der+Nederlanden+root&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbugzilla.mozilla.org%2Fshow_bug.cgi%3Fid%3D683449&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gervase_Markham_%28programmer%29" title="Gervase Markham (programmer)">Gervase Markham</a> (September 3, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.gerv.net/2011/09/diginotar-compromise/">"DigiNotar Compromise"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved September 3, 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.au=Gervase+Markham&amp;rft.aulast=Gervase+Markham&amp;rft.btitle=DigiNotar+Compromise&amp;rft.date=September+3%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.gerv.net%2F2011%2F09%2Fdiginotar-compromise%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rnw.nl/africa/bulletin/security-dutch-government-websites-jeopardy">"Security of Dutch government websites in jeopardy"</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Netherlands_Worldwide" title="Radio Netherlands Worldwide">Radio Netherlands Worldwide</a>. September 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved September 3, 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.btitle=Security+of+Dutch+government+websites+in+jeopardy&amp;rft.date=September+3%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rnw.nl%2Fafrica%2Fbulletin%2Fsecurity-dutch-government-websites-jeopardy&amp;rft.pub=Radio+Netherlands+Worldwide&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-nws3sep-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nws3sep_40-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nws3sep_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Newsrelease Dutch Government: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/nieuws/2011/09/03/overheid-zegt-vertrouwen-in-de-certificaten-van-diginotar-op.html">Overheid zegt vertrouwen in de certificaten van Diginotar op</a>, September 3, 2011, visited September 5, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See certificate on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://applicaties.digid.nl/aanvragen">Request DigiD account</a>, visited September 5, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-GovCAs-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GovCAs_42-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Website Logius:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.logius.nl/producten/toegang/pkioverheid/vervangen-certificaten/:">Replacing Certificates</a>, visited September 5, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-digidentity-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-digidentity_43-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digidentity.eu/static/nl/digidentity-ssl/pkioverheid-ssl.html">PKIoverheid SSL</a></span></li>
<li id="cite_note-esg-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-esg_44-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-esg_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.de-electronische-signatuur.nl/web/nl/certificaten/pkioverheid-certificaten/pkioverheid-services-certificaten">PKIOverheids certificates</a>, visited September 5, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-quo-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-quo_45-0"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up to: </span><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-quo_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Website Dutch office of Quovadis on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quovadisglobal.nl/DigitaleCertificaten/PKIOverheidCertificaten.aspx">PKIOverheid</a>, visited September 5, 2011.</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46"><span class="cite-accessibility-label">Jump up </span>^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Website Getronics on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pki.getronics.nl/website/133/">Requesting PKIOverheid certificate</a>, visited September 5, 2011.</span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox-IT" title="Fox-IT">Fox-IT</a> (August 2012). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/bestanden/documenten-en-publicaties/rapporten/2012/08/13/black-tulip-update/black-tulip-update.pdf">Black Tulip: Report of the investigation into the DigiNotar Certificate Authority breach</a></i>.</li>
</ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul>
<li><span class="official website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diginotar.com/">Official website</a></span></span> (English, not mentioning the bankruptcy)</li>
<li><span class="official website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diginotar.nl/">Official website</a></span></span> (Dutch, mentioning the bankruptcy)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.govcert.nl/binaries/live/govcert/hst%3Acontent/dienstverlening/kennis-en-publicaties/factsheets/factsheet-frauduleus-uitgegeven-beveiligingscertificaat-ontdekt/factsheet-frauduleus-uitgegeven-beveiligingscertificaat-ontdekt/govcert%3AdocumentResource%5B2%5D/govcert%3Aresource">Fraudulent Certificates ‐ List of Common Names</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vasco.com/company/press_room/news_archive/2011/news_diginotar_reports_security_incident.aspx">DigiNotar reports security incident</a></li>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastebin" title="Pastebin">Pastebin</a> posts:
<ul>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pastebin.com/ff7Yg663">Gmail.com SSL MITM ATTACK BY Iranian Government -27/8/2011</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pastebin.com/SwCZqskV">Internet death sentence for DigiNotar's Root CA!</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mozilla.org/security/announce/2011/mfsa2011-34.html">Mozilla Foundation Security Advisory 2011-34: Protection against fraudulent DigiNotar certificates</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/advisory/2607712.mspx">Microsoft Security Advisory (2607712): Fraudulent Digital Certificates Could Allow Spoofing</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.gerv.net/2011/09/diginotar-compromise/">DigiNotar Compromise</a> - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gervase_Markham_%28programmer%29" title="Gervase Markham (programmer)">Gervase Markham</a>'s account of how and why Mozilla blacklisted DigiNotar.</li>
<li><span class="citation web">Johnathan Nightingale (September 2, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.mozilla.com/security/2011/09/02/diginotar-removal-follow-up/">"DigiNotar Removal Follow Up"</a>. <i>Mozilla Security Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved September 4, 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADigiNotar&amp;rft.atitle=DigiNotar+Removal+Follow+Up&amp;rft.au=Johnathan+Nightingale&amp;rft.aulast=Johnathan+Nightingale&amp;rft.date=September+2%2C+2011&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.mozilla.com%2Fsecurity%2F2011%2F09%2F02%2Fdiginotar-removal-follow-up%2F&amp;rft.jtitle=Mozilla+Security+Blog&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span>
 Account by the Director of Firefox Engineering at the Mozilla 
Corporation of why Mozilla's removal of DigiNotar from the trusted list 
is not a temporary suspension, but a complete revocation of trust.</li>
</ul>


<!-- 
NewPP limit report
Parsed by mw1022
CPU time usage: 1.092 seconds
Real time usage: 1.136 seconds
Preprocessor visited node count: 2644/1000000
Preprocessor generated node count: 12594/1500000
Post‐expand include size: 57404/2048000 bytes
Template argument size: 2127/2048000 bytes
Highest expansion depth: 18/40
Expensive parser function count: 0/500
Lua time usage: 0.162s
Lua memory usage: 2.85 MB
-->

<!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:32915603-0!*!0!!en!*!* and timestamp 20131224143923
 -->
<noscript><img src="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;" /></noscript></div>								<div class="printfooter">
				Retrieved from "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;oldid=587517205">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;oldid=587517205</a>"				</div>
												<div id="catlinks" class="catlinks"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Former_certificate_authorities" title="Category:Former certificate authorities">Former certificate authorities</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Companies_established_in_1997" title="Category:Companies established in 1997">Companies established in 1997</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Companies_disestablished_in_2011" title="Category:Companies disestablished in 2011">Companies disestablished in 2011</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2013" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_November_2013" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from November 2013">Vague or ambiguous time from November 2013</a></li></ul></div></div>												<div class="visualClear"></div>
							</div>
		</div>
		<div id="mw-navigation">
			<h2>Navigation menu</h2>
			<div id="mw-head">
				<div id="p-personal" role="navigation" class="" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label">
	<h3 id="p-personal-label">Personal tools</h3>
	<ul>
<li id="pt-createaccount"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=DigiNotar&amp;type=signup">Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=DigiNotar" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [alt-shift-o]" accesskey="o">Log in</a></li>	</ul>
</div>
				<div id="left-navigation">
					<div id="p-namespaces" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label">
	<h3 id="p-namespaces-label">Namespaces</h3>
	<ul>
					<li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigiNotar" title="View the content page [alt-shift-c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></span></li>
					<li id="ca-talk"><span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:DigiNotar" title="Discussion about the content page [alt-shift-t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></span></li>
			</ul>
</div>
<div id="p-variants" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label">
	<h3 id="mw-vector-current-variant">
		</h3>
	<h3 tabindex="0" id="p-variants-label"><span>Variants</span><a tabindex="-1" href="#"></a></h3>
	<div class="menu">
		<ul>
					</ul>
	</div>
</div>
				</div>
				<div id="right-navigation">
					<div id="p-views" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-views-label">
	<h3 id="p-views-label">Views</h3>
	<ul>
					<li id="ca-view" class="selected"><span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigiNotar">Read</a></span></li>
					<li id="ca-edit"><span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;action=edit" title="You can edit this page. 
Please review your changes before saving. [alt-shift-e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></span></li>
					<li id="ca-history" class="collapsible"><span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;action=history" title="Past versions of this page [alt-shift-h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></span></li>
			</ul>
</div>
<div id="p-cactions" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label">
	<h3 tabindex="0" id="p-cactions-label"><span>Actions</span><a tabindex="-1" href="#"></a></h3>
	<div class="menu">
		<ul>
					</ul>
	</div>
</div>
<div id="p-search" role="search">
	<h3><label for="searchInput">Search</label></h3>
	<form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform">
				<div id="simpleSearch">
						<input autocomplete="off" tabindex="1" name="search" placeholder="Search" title="Search Wikipedia [alt-shift-f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput">						<button type="submit" name="button" title="Search Wikipedia for this text" id="searchButton"><img src="DigiNotar%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia_pliki/search-ltr.png" alt="Search" height="13" width="12"></button>								<input name="title" value="Special:Search" type="hidden">
		</div>
	</form>
</div>
				</div>
			</div>
			<div class="collapsible-nav" id="mw-panel">
					<div id="p-logo" role="banner"><a style="background-image: url(//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Wiki.png);" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page"></a></div>
				<div class="portal first persistent" role="navigation" id="p-navigation" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label">
	<h3 id="p-navigation-label">Navigation</h3>
	<div class="body">
		<ul>
			<li id="n-mainpage-description"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [alt-shift-z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li>
			<li id="n-contents"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li>
			<li id="n-featuredcontent"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Featured_content" title="Featured content – the best of Wikipedia">Featured content</a></li>
			<li id="n-currentevents"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Find background information on current events">Current events</a></li>
			<li id="n-randompage"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random article [alt-shift-x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li>
			<li id="n-sitesupport"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" title="Support us">Donate to Wikipedia</a></li>
		</ul>
	</div>
</div>
<div class="portal expanded" role="navigation" id="p-interaction" aria-labelledby="p-interaction-label">
	<h3 tabindex="2" id="p-interaction-label"><a aria-expanded="true" aria-pressed="true" role="button" aria-controls="p-interaction-list" aria-haspopup="true" href="#">Interaction</a></h3>
	<div style="display: block;" class="body">
		<ul id="p-interaction-list">
			<li id="n-help"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li>
			<li id="n-aboutsite"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Find out about Wikipedia">About Wikipedia</a></li>
			<li id="n-portal"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things">Community portal</a></li>
			<li id="n-recentchanges"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [alt-shift-r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li>
			<li id="n-contactpage"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact page</a></li>
		</ul>
	</div>
</div>
<div class="portal collapsed" role="navigation" id="p-tb" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label">
	<h3 tabindex="3" id="p-tb-label"><a aria-expanded="false" aria-pressed="false" role="button" aria-controls="p-tb-list" aria-haspopup="true" href="#">Tools</a></h3>
	<div class="body">
		<ul id="p-tb-list">
			<li id="t-whatlinkshere"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/DigiNotar" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [alt-shift-j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li>
			<li id="t-recentchangeslinked"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/DigiNotar" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [alt-shift-k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li>
			<li id="t-upload"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [alt-shift-u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li>
			<li id="t-specialpages"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [alt-shift-q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li>
			<li id="t-permalink"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;oldid=587517205" title="Permanent link to this revision of the page">Permanent link</a></li>
			<li id="t-info"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;action=info">Page information</a></li>
			<li id="t-wikibase"><a href="http://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603011" title="Link to connected data repository item [alt-shift-g]" accesskey="g">Data item</a></li>
<li id="t-cite"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Cite&amp;page=DigiNotar&amp;id=587517205" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li>		</ul>
	</div>
</div>
<div class="portal collapsed" role="navigation" id="p-coll-print_export" aria-labelledby="p-coll-print_export-label">
	<h3 tabindex="4" id="p-coll-print_export-label"><a aria-expanded="false" aria-pressed="false" role="button" aria-controls="p-coll-print_export-list" aria-haspopup="true" href="#">Print/export</a></h3>
	<div class="body">
		<ul id="p-coll-print_export-list">
			<li id="coll-create_a_book"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=DigiNotar">Create a book</a></li>
			<li id="coll-download-as-rl"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&amp;bookcmd=render_article&amp;arttitle=DigiNotar&amp;oldid=587517205&amp;writer=rl">Download as PDF</a></li>
			<li id="t-print"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DigiNotar&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [alt-shift-p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li>
		</ul>
	</div>
</div>
<div class="portal expanded" role="navigation" id="p-lang" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label"><span original-title="Language settings" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" tabindex="0" class="uls-settings-trigger"></span>
	<h3 tabindex="5" id="p-lang-label"><a aria-expanded="true" aria-pressed="true" role="button" aria-controls="p-lang-list" aria-haspopup="true" href="#">Languages</a></h3>
	<div style="display: block;" class="body">
		<ul id="p-lang-list">
			<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigiNotar" title="DigiNotar – German" hreflang="de" lang="de">Deutsch</a></li>
			<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigiNotar" title="DigiNotar – Dutch" hreflang="nl" lang="nl">Nederlands</a></li>
			
			<li class="wbc-editpage"><a href="http://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603011#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links">Edit links</a></li>
		</ul>
	</div>
</div>
			</div>
		</div>
		<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
							<ul id="footer-info">
											<li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last modified on 24 December 2013 at 14:39.<br></li>
											<li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="license" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a><a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" style="display:none;"></a>;
additional terms may apply.  By using this site, you agree to the <a href="http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy.</a> <br>
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a href="http://www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li>
									</ul>
							<ul id="footer-places">
											<li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" title="wikimedia:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li>
											<li id="footer-places-about"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li>
											<li id="footer-places-disclaimer"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li>
											<li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li>
											<li id="footer-places-developers"><a class="external" href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/How_to_contribute">Developers</a></li>
											<li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/DigiNotar" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li>
									</ul>
										<ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint">
					<li id="footer-copyrightico">
						<a href="http://wikimediafoundation.org/"><img src="DigiNotar%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia_pliki/wikimedia-button.png" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" height="31" width="88"></a>
					</li>
					<li id="footer-poweredbyico">
						<a href="http://www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="DigiNotar%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia_pliki/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" height="31" width="88"></a>
					</li>
				</ul>
						<div style="clear:both"></div>
		</div>
		<script>/*<![CDATA[*/window.jQuery && jQuery.ready();/*]]>*/</script><script>if(window.mw){
mw.loader.state({"site":"loading","user":"ready","user.groups":"ready"});
}</script>
<script>if(window.mw){
mw.loader.load(["ext.cite","mobile.desktop","mediawiki.action.view.postEdit","mediawiki.user","mediawiki.hidpi","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.searchSuggest","ext.gadget.teahouse","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.DRN-wizard","ext.gadget.charinsert","mw.MwEmbedSupport.style","ext.articleFeedbackv5.startup","ext.wikimediaEvents.moduleStorage","ext.navigationTiming","schema.UniversalLanguageSelector","ext.uls.eventlogger","mw.PopUpMediaTransform","skins.vector.collapsibleNav"],null,true);
}</script>
<div class="suggestions" style="display: none; font-size: 13px;"><div class="suggestions-results"></div><div class="suggestions-special"></div></div><script src="DigiNotar%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia_pliki/load_002.php"></script>
<!-- Served by mw1054 in 0.187 secs. -->
	

</body></html>